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On the Road To In Situ Tissue Regeneration: A Tissue Engineered Nanofiber Fibrinogen-Polydioxanone Composite Matrix
Michael McManus, Scott A Sell*, Paul G Espy, Harry P Koo, Gary L Bowlin*
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
Introduction: A major challenge in urinary tract reconstruction is availability of adequate autologous tissue. Electrospinning is a process that uses charge separation to produce nanoscale fibers capable of mimicking the native extracellular matrix. We have previously reported how human bladder smooth muscle cells(hBSM) rapidly migrate into and remodel electrospun fibrinogen structures. However, these structures did not posses the structural integrity needed for direct implantation. Electrospun polydioxanone(PDS) maintains structural integrity after implantation, but does not promote the rapid cellular in-growth of fibrinogen. Our objective is to demonstrate that an electrospun fibrinogen-PDS composite scaffold will demonstrate both superior cellular interaction and functional strength adequate for direct implantation.
Methods: Fibrinogen-PDS composite scaffolds were electrospun with PDS concentrations of 0%,10%,20%,40% and 100%. Scaffolds were seeded with 22000 hBSM/scaffold and incubated. Samples were removed at 7, 14 and 21 days for evaluation by collagen assay, scanning electron microscopy and histology.
Results: Cell culture demonstrated that hBSM readily migrate throughout and remodel electrospun fibrinogen-PDS composite scaffolds with deposition of native collagen. Cell migration and collagen deposition increased with increasing fibrinogen concentration while scaffold integrity increased with increasing PDS concentration.
Conclusions: Electrospun fibrinogen-PDS composite structures promote rapid cellular in-growth by hBSM while maintaining structural integrity. The fibrinogen to PDS ratio can be adjusted to achieve the desired properties required for a specific tissue engineering application. Our ultimate objective is to utilize this innovative biomaterial technology to produce an acellular, bioresorbable product that enables in situ tissue regeneration. These initial findings indicate that this technology deserves further investigation.
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