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Hypoxia Effect On Non-Malignant Prostatic Urethra During Prostatectomy
John W Josephson*, Manish Vira, John W. Gillespie, Jaime Rodriguez, Peter A. Pinto, Marston W. Linehan, Rodrigo F. Chuaqui, Michael R. Emmert-Buck, Heidi S. Erickson, Jonathan A. Coleman
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
Introduction: Hypoxia has been reported to play various roles that are implicated in the development of spurious molecular mutagenesis and tumorogenesis. However, the specifics leading to alterations and downstream effects in non-malignant tissues are unknown. Further, the consequence of hypoxia on tissues for analysis of tumor markers may be confounded. The objective of our study is to evaluate the effects of iatrogenic ischemia on surrounding non-malignant tissue in patients undergoing prostatectomy. As potential tissue markers to assess putative hypoxia tissue damage, gene expression levels in microdissected cell populations were evaluated.
Methods: Normal prostatic urethra tissue was procured from five patients with laparoscopic 5 mm biopsy forceps at three time points during surgery and was immediately imbedded in OCT and placed on dry ice. Urethral epithelium samples were normalized using the gold standard cell counting (2,000 microdissected cells) and quantitation of total RNA was conducted using NanoDrop technique. Gene expression analysis was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR).
Results: Housekeeping genes were up-regulated with an average four fold increase in transcript RNA at each time point respectively.
Conclusion: These data suggest that hypoxia plays a putative significant role in the expression of genes in non-malignant tissues. The additional gene sets for analysis include traditional hypoxia related genes and non-hypoxia related genes to further investigate the prospective global up-regulation of gene expression. The conclusions may elucidate the role of hypoxia in disease processes and potentially its role in confounding or influencing tumor marker gene expression between patient samples.
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